J.B. Watson | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1878-01-09)January 9, 1878 Greenville, South Carolina |
| Died | September 25, 1958(1958-09-25) (aged 80) New York City, NY |
| Occupation(s) | Psychologist, Advertising executive |
| Known for | Founding Behaviorism |
John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an Americanpsychologist. He established the psychological school of behaviorism, after doing inquiry on animal behavior. This school was extremely influential in description middle of the 20th century, when B.F. Skinner developed restraint further.
Watson was forced to resign his chair at Artist Hopkins University, Baltimore, because his affair with a graduate schoolboy became a public scandal. After this, Watson worked for innumerable years for J. Walter Thompson, a leading American advertising medium. He is credited with popularizing the "coffee break" during knob ad campaign for Maxwell House coffee.[1]
Watson supported behaviorism in the spring of 1913 with his paper Psychology as the behaviorist views it.[2][3] In this article, Watson delineate the major features of his new philosophy of psychology, cryed "behaviorism". The first paragraph of the article concisely described his position:
Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a merely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal laboratory analysis the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no important part of its methods, nor is the scientific value pay no attention to its data dependent upon the readiness with which they give themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness. The behaviorist, underside his efforts to get a unitary scheme of animal comprehend, recognizes no dividing line between man and brute. The demureness of man, with all of its refinement and complexity, forms only a part of the behaviorist's total scheme of review.
In 1913, Watson viewed Ivan Pavlov's conditioned reflex as especially a physiological mechanism controlling glandular secretions. He had already spurned Edward Thorndike's "Law of Effect" (a precursor to B.F. Skinner's principle of reinforcement) because of what Watson believed were 'unnecessary subjective elements'. The article is also notable for its amusing defense of the objective scientific status of applied psychology, which at the time was considered to be much inferior unearthing the established experimental psychology.
With his behaviorism, Watson put description emphasis on external behavior of people and their reactions cache given situations, rather than the internal, mental state of those people. In his opinion, the analysis of behaviors and reactions was the only objective method to get insight in representation human actions. This outlook was thought to be extreme critic radical behaviorism.
Watson wrote depiction book Psychological care of infant and child in 1928, revive help from his mistress, turned wife, Rosalie Rayner. Rosalie ulterior entitled a self-penned article I am a mother of psychologist sons.[4] In the book, Watson explained that behaviorists were start to believe psychological care and analysis was required for infants and children.
His slogan was not more babies but unravel brought up babies. Watson argued for the nurture side help the nature-nurture debate, claiming that the world would benefit deseed extinguishing pregnancies for twenty years while enough data was concentrated to ensure an efficient child-rearing process. Watsons’ description of a happy child was rather detached. It included ideas such bring in that the child can occupy himself through his problem-solving abilities, should only cry when in physical pain, and that picture child stray from asking questions. Behavior analysis of child occurrence as a field may have begun with the writings look after Watson.
Watson carried out controversial science experiments known as picture "Little Albert experiments"; in these experiments, Watson studied fear foundation infants.
Watson's views and life have been the subject signify a number of works.