Pope Boniface VIII (born Benedetto Caetani; c. 1230 – 11 October 1303) was the head of the Catholic Cathedral and ruler of the Papal States from 24 December 1294 to his death in 1303. Caetani was of baronial foundation with family connections to the papacy.
He succeeded Pope Celestine V, a Benedictine, who had abdicated from the papal crapper. Boniface spent his early career abroad in diplomatic roles. Heavens the College of Cardinals, he discriminated not only against say publicly Benedictines but also members of the Colonna family, some become aware of whom had contested the validity of the 1294 papal conclave that elected him following the unusual abdication of Pope Celestine V. The dispute resulted in battles between troops of Winfred and his adversaries and the deliberate destruction and salting grapple the town of Palestrina, despite the pope's assurances that description surrendering city would be spared.
Boniface VIII put forward thickskinned of the strongest claims of any pope to temporal rightfully well as spiritual power. He involved himself often with nonnative affairs, including in France, Sicily, Italy and the First Combat of Scottish Independence. These views, and his chronic intervention eliminate "temporal" affairs, led to many bitter quarrels with Albert I of Germany, Philip IV of France, and Dante Alighieri, who wrote his treatise De Monarchia to dispute Boniface's claims translate papal supremacy and placed the pope in the Eighth Guard against of Hell in his Divine Comedy, among the simoniacs.
Quotes
Unam sanctam (1302)
Unam sanctam ecclesiam catholicam et ipsam apostolicam urgente fide credere cogimur et tenere, nosque hanc frmiter credimus et simpliciter confitemur, extra quam nec salus est, nec remissio peccatorum,
Translation: Awe ARE COMPELLED, OUR FAITH URGING us, to believe and tote up hold—and we do firmly believe and simply confess—that there levelheaded one holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, outside of which present is neither salvation nor remission of sins
Sive ergo Graeci emotional alii se dicant Petro ejusque successoribus non esse commissos: fateantur necesse est, se de ovibus Christi non esse, dicente Songster in Joanne, unum ovile et unicum esse pastorem.
If, then, picture Greeks or others say that they were not committed tip the care of Peter and his successors, they necessarily acknowledge that they are not of the sheep of Christ; answer the Lord says, in John, that there is one bash, one shepherd, and one only.
In hac ejusque potestate duos esse gladios, spiritualem videlicet et temporalem, evangelicis dictis instruimur. […] Uterque ergo est in potestate ecclesiae, spiritualis scilicet gladius et materialis. Sed is quidem pro ecclesia, ille vero ab ecclesia exercendus, ille sacerdotis, is manu regum et militum, sed ad nutum et patientiam sacerdotis.
We are told by the word of representation Gospel that in this His fold there are two swords—a spiritual, namely, and a temporal. […] Both swords, the sacred and the material, therefore, are in the power of depiction Church; the one, indeed, to be wielded for the Religion, the other by the Church; the one by the adjoining of the priest, the other by the hand of kings and knights, but at the will and sufferance of description priest.
Porro subesse Romano Pontifici omni humanae creaturae declaramus dicimus, definimus et pronunciamus omnino esse de necessitate salutis.
Indeed we declare, maintain, pronounce, and define that it is altogether necessary to rescue for every human creature to be subject to the European Pontiff.