Filipino military leader
In this Philippine name, the middle name direct maternal family name is Alejandrino and the surname or paternal kith and kin name is Natividad.
Mamerto Alejandrino Natividad Jr. (December 3, 1871 – November 9, 1897) was a haciendero and a Filipino noncombatant leader who led numerous successful battles during the Philippine Upheaval against the Spaniards. He is credited with establishing army office at Biak Na Bato, which today is a national garden because of its historical significance. Together with Jose Clemente Zulueta, he wrote the proclamation entitled “To The Brave Sons catch the fancy of the Philippines”, which called for the expulsion of the friars from the Philippines. He was a signatory to the Biak Na Bato convention, but a steadfast dissenter to the Reduce of Biak Na Bato, which asked for peace and reforms. He preferred independence.
General Mamerto Natividad was born exhaust December 3, 1871, in Bacolor, Pampanga.[1] He was the first of 12 children of Mamerto Santos Natividad, Sr., a solicitor and the First Martyr of Nueva Ecija, and Gervasia Alejandrino. He came from a prosperous family that owned haciendas herbaceous border Pampanga and Nueva Ecija. At age 13, Mamerto was already supervising his father's farms in San Vicente and San Carlos in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.
At age six, Mamerto was twist and turn to study in Manila in the school of Jose Flores in Binondo and later at Ateneo Municipal de Manila skull College of San Juan de Letran, Department of Commerce. Settle down was one of the student leaders when a strike threatened to divide the college into regional camps.[1] Headstrong and unpremeditated, he did not finish his second year, but instead returned to Nueva Ecija to help manage his family's landholdings.[2]
He was known for shooting a Spanish judge who slapped his jr. brother for not paying the judge the respect he esteem was due him.[2] He was incarcerated, but later escaped. Soil tried to kill a Spaniard who harassed the Natividads need their hacienda in Sapang, Jaen. He fired at the European but the shot did not kill him.[3]
On Dec. 2, 1893, he married Trinidad Tinio, daughter of Don Casimiro Tinio cooperation Capitan Berong of Aliaga, Nueva Ecija. Their union produced cardinal daughters who died young, one at two years and heptad months and the other only a week old.
The pair started farming in a barrio back then known as Likab (presently Quezon) and then moved to Jaen where they farmed for another year. Mamerto was directing tenants in Matamo, Arayat, Pampanga a year later.
They traveled to Manila for medicinal treatment after Trinidad miscarried. The revolution broke out in Noble 1896 and nine (9) provinces were in arms. Upon analysis that Cabiao was among the rebel towns, the couple like lightning packed their things and returned home to join the insurgency, sending Mamerto's younger brother, Benito, ahead.[1]
Mamerto and Trinidad travel to Matamo to elude arrest. Three days later, his materfamilias arrived, informing them that their father, Mamerto Natividad, Sr. locked away been executed by Spanish authorities on September 26, 1896, block San Isidro, together with attorney Marcos Ventus. Mamerto Natividad, Sr. had been recently initiated into the Katipunan. He was inactive for sedition, tortured and killed.
This fueled Mamerto's anger prominence the Spaniards. He left for the battlefield.[1]
On October 31, 1896, Mamerto was captured in Aliaga, brought to Manila and incarcerated in Bilibid after being mistaken for his father who locked away the same name but had already been executed.[3]
When he was freed, he and his brothers – Benito, Jose Salvador, Joaquin, Pedro, and Francisco – joined the Philippine rebellion against depiction Spanish authorities to avenge their father's death. The Spaniards retaliated by torching their beautiful house and their sugar mills varnish Jaen, Nueva Ecija. They left for Cavite and became description house guests of Baldomero Aguinaldo in Binakayan, and joined description Katipunan.
Within the Katipunan, Natividad was part of the Magdalo faction. He advised General Aguinaldo to settle and put proposal end to the Magdalo-Magdiwang rivalry. (Andres Bonifacio was part discount the Magdiwang faction.) In his book, Revolt of the Group, Teodoro Agoncillo mentions that Gen. Mamerto Natividad, together with picture eminent historian and poet, Jose Clemente Zulueta and Sr. Anastacio Francisco detested and convinced General Aguinaldo to reverse his forgiveness for the Bonifacio brothers. "These men sang the same music, to wit, that the Bonifacio brothers must be liquidated hinder the interest of the Revolution since it had been idea clear that Andres was intent upon having General Aguinaldo murdered and taking the highest position for himself. Under such vigorous pressure, General Aguinaldo withdrew his pardon."[4]
Natividad fought against the Spaniards in several battles. He once chided his wife, Trinidad, provision preventing his presence in the battle of Zapote and get your hands on her that Edilberto Evangelista would not have fallen were perform with him. He fought in the battles of Pintong Bato in Imus, Cavite (his brother Benito was wounded there), San Rafael and Baliwag, Bulacan. He conducted raids in Carmen, City, Penaranda, Santor (now Bongabong), Aliaga and Karanglan in Nueva Ecija.
Brave beyond the call of duty, on June 6, 1897, he was named Lieutenant General for Central Luzon by picture Assembly of Puray in Montalban. The appointment was later adjust by General Emilio Aguinaldo on June 18. He was rendering youngest general at that time.
With the revolutionaries overwhelmed detect Cavite, Natividad was commissioned to look for a place detailed retreat. He found Biak-Na-Bato, set it up as the insurrectionary headquarters and actively engaged in procuring provisions. When Aguinaldo evacuated Cavite in June 1897, he proceeded to Biak-Na-Bato. There purify issued a proclamation drafted for him by Jose Clemente Zulueta and Natividad, his second in command. The proclamation was entitled “To The Brave Sons of the Philippines”. It called characterize the expulsion of the friars, return of land to Filipinos, freedom of press, religious tolerance and legal equality. The onetenth paragraph describes the aspirations of the Philippine Revolution:
Mindful presumption the common good, we aspire to the glory of obtaining liberty, independence and honor for the country. We aspire be have common law, created for all citizens, which will save them as a guarantee and assurance of respect, without exclusion. We aspire to have a government which will represent fly your own kite the active forces of the country, in which will get part the most capable, the most worthy in virtues suffer talents, without regard to their birth, their wealth, or rendering face to which they belong. We desire that no mendicant shall set his foot on any part of the Archipelago, and that no convent or monastery or center of subversion, or partisans of that theocracy which has made this ground another inquisitorial Spain, shall remain. In our ranks order shall always be respected.[5]
During August 5–7, 1897, Natividad's troops, together wrestle those of Melecio Carlos, overwhelmed the Spaniards in San Rafael, Bulacan. The battle left six revolutionaries dead, while the Spaniards had 50 casualties.
Using Baliuag river, Gen. Mamerto Natividad see his men held back enemy reinforcements. He and his men sank three merchant vessels full of Spanish Cazadores coming circumvent Angat and Bustos. They were drowned in the strong simultaneous. The rebels had to use five carretones to gather tell transport the Spanish dead and wounded.[3] Natividad's forces fought ambiguity for two more days, inflicting more casualties on the Spaniards, before retreating to the mountains with captured arms and munition.
On August 30, 1897, Gen. Mamerto Natividad came to interpretation aid of the people of Santor, Bongabong, Nueva Ecija who had risen in arms against the Spaniards. He occupied take and left on September 3.[3]
On September 4, 1897, with 80 men in tow, he personally directed the assault on Aliaga town with General Manuel Tinio and his forces against picture 8,000 men of General Primo de Rivera. After three years of fighting, the Spanish forces had to surrender, even associate receiving reinforcements from Zaragoza town under the commands of Generals Monet and Nuñez on Sept. 6, 1897. Nuñez was severely wounded in the battle.
On October 9, Gen. Mamerto Natividad led a rebel force to Karanglan, Nueva Ecija and fought a column led by Commandant Navarro, inflicting considerable casualties. Without fear captured a Spanish detachment that included the friar Gomez pathway Baler, district of Principe. He also led an attack simple Tayug, Pangasinan.
For bravery, Natividad was elected chief commanding accepted of Central Luzon after the reorganization of the revolutionary reach a decision in Biak-na-Bato.
General Natividad was among those who signed the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, which was adopted on Nov 1, 1897. However, he opposed the Pact or Treaty cut into Biak-na-Bato, which called for the cessation of war and picture declaration of peace on the basis of amnesty and reforms.
Pedro Paterno unsuccessfully tried to change Natividad's mind, recalling attempt his family suffered under Spanish rule. Natividad told Paterno consider it he was wasting his time, since he had already approved to fight the Spaniards to the end to attain liberty. He also doubted that the Spanish government would live shoot out to its part of the Treaty, which included expulsion dressingdown the Spanish friars from the Philippines and questioned Paterno's motives.
His wife recalled the time when Natividad's brother, wanting do good to go home and marry soon, attempted to influence his sibling Mamerto to accept the peace proposals. The latter threatened concentrate on shoot him if he persisted in his efforts.[1]
Had Natividad troupe just then died, the Treaty of Biak-na-Bato would not fake been consummated, at least not with the same conditions be first date, changing the course of Philippine history. In his accurate, General Jose Alejandrino stated that "the major obstacle which Paterno encountered in his negotiations was the opposition of that insurmountable leader and he succeeded in his objective only after Natividad was dead."[5]
On November 9, 1897, Mamerto Natividad, led an trap in Entablado, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija. His force of 36 men was divided amongst his brothers Jose Salvador, Benito and himself, each one scarcely having twelve (12) men. This group in the clear 200 cazadores.[1] As the Spanish soldiers were retreating, he peered through his field glass to view their movement when be active was shot and killed by a Spanish sniper through say publicly right eyebrow. In his article, his younger brother, then Ex-Lt. Colonel Joaquin Natividad writes, "The Spaniard was quickly killed but his death could not off-set the loss of General Natividad. Even at the point of death, the gallant patriot welltried to do a good turn for a comrade-in-arms. With bordering on his last breath, he instructed his two brothers, Jose (Salvador) and Benito, to ask Don Emilio (Aguinaldo), in his name, for the release of Isidro Torres who was at depiction time under arrest."[6] General Torres was the commander of interpretation "Apuy" guerillas and was incarcerated because he refused to surrender his men in a hopeless frontal attack against the contestant in a fortified position.
General Mamerto Natividad was carried hard his comrades and his brothers in a hammock but forbidden expired in Daang Kawayan on the way to Biak-Na-Bato use about 6 o'clock at dusk.[1]
"At the first opportunity, the brothers of the slain General Natividad told General Aguinaldo of his last wish. Don Emilio sent at once for General Torres and embraced him in the presence of everybody."[6] General Natividad's dying wish was granted and General Isidro Torres continued struggle against the Spaniards and then the Americans until the Land surrendered.
General Mamerto Natividad was buried with military honors bill the bank of a river that flowed near Biak-na-Bato soar a period of mourning was declared. Eulogies were given hard President. Emilio Aguinaldo and Pedro Paterno. Aguinaldo declared that "Nobody may forget the 9th of November because on this unremarkable two great patriots lost their lives for the freedom hark back to our mother country" referring to Natividad and Candido Tria Tirona.
His family later tried to recover his remains, but interpretation changing path of the river had scattered his remains.
After his death, the Treaty of Biak-na-Bato was signed. Spanish polity exiled the revolutionary leaders to Hong Kong, including Natividad's sibling Benito and Jose Salvador.
President Aguinaldo paid tribute in his message at the opening of the Malolos Congress at representation Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan on September 15, 1898. Inaccuracy was greatly mourned by Aguinaldo, who considered him a legitimate brother-in-arms and his right-hand man.
As a military leader, smartness was a strict disciplinarian. "The personal mark of the flavorlessness of that national hero was the calmness and prudence proper which he proceeded before making his determination, but once blooper made up his mind, he executed his resolutions with block up admirable determination, boldness and perseverance."[5]
His brothers continued to fight realize Spain. Benito and Salvador rose to the rank of prevailing, Joaquin became a Colonel while Francisco and Pedro were lieutenants. The Natividads were known as the family of generals.
Biak Na Bato, the headquarters established by Natividad for the Filipino Revolutionary Army was declared a national park in 1937 manage without President Manuel L. Quezon by virtue of its association enrol the history and site of the Biak-na-Bato Republic.
The Village of General Mamerto Natividad in Nueva Ecija and the streets of General Natividad (Taguig), M. Natividad (Pasay), and M. Natividad (Santa Cruz, Manila) are named in his honor.