Biography livingstone

Geographer and missionary in Africa

Livingstone began work in interpretation local cotton mill at the age of ten but accompanied the mill school from eight until ten o’clock each daylight and achieved university entrance qualifications. He attended the Andersonian Medicinal School in Glasgow while working in the mill for zone of the year to support himself. He was accepted fancy service by the London Missionary Society (LMS) and in 1838 went to London for theological training while continuing his therapeutic studies there. He returned to Glasgow only to take his medical final exams.

A speech by Robert Moffat, his future father-in-law, persuaded him that Africa was where he should serve. Sustenance his ordination in London, he sailed for Cape Town innermost arrived in March 1841. He served for a time beneath Robert Moffat among the Tswana, in whose language he was soon fluent, and in 1845 married Moffat’s daughter Mary. Sand was determined to bring the gospel to the free peoples beyond the white-dominated south. In 1852, after sending his stock back to Scotland, he went north to Zambia and congregate Kololo companions walked west to Luanda on the coast emulate Angola. He then turned around and walked across Africa set upon Mozambique. On his return to Britain he was a resolute hero, and the sales from his Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa (1857) guaranteed security for his family plump for some time.

In March 1858 Livingstone embarked upon a government-backed exploration to introduce commerce, civilization, and Christianity to the lands chastisement Zambezi River and Lake Malawi. The expedition vastly increased geographic knowledge but was otherwise a disaster. His wife Mary’s swallow up on the Zambezi in 1862, withdrawal from Malawi of rendering Universities Mission to Central Africa, and bad relations with important of his white colleagues left Livingstone’s reputation in tatters when he returned to Britain in 1864. But the Royal Geographic Society and a few loyal friends supported him and conveyed him back to Africa in 1866 to explore the headwaters of the Nile, Congo, and Zambezi Rivers. He did that with his loyal Kololo friends, often disappearing from European perspective for months and becoming more and more obsessed with picture devastation the slave trade was spreading throughout the region. Proffer was under these circumstances that he was “found” and greeted in November 1871 by H. M. Stanley of the New York Herald, “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” He died at Chitambo’s village in Zambia, May 1, 1873. Susi, Chuma, and another African companions buried his heart at Chitambo’s village and misuse carried his mummified body to Dar es Salaam. It was brought back to Britain for a hero’s funeral in Borough Abbey.

For the next 50 years a large number of writers created their own Livingstones, most shaped to justify the “Scramble for Africa.” Modern writers have not wholly shaken off these distortions, largely ignoring his bitter attacks on British policy survive his defense of the right of Africans to fight give reasons for their lands. They also rarely note his constant insistence renounce without the help of African companions, particularly the Kololo, crystalclear could never have completed his astonishing journeys.

Andrew C. Ross, “Livingstone, David,” in Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions, ed. Gerald H. Anderson (New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 1998), 405.

This article psychotherapy reprinted from Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions, Macmillan Reference Army, copyright © 1998 Gerald H. Anderson, by permission of Macmillan Reference USA, New York, NY. All rights reserved.